対象・方法：ASD 児で，3 歳時に新版K 式発達検査2001 を施行した児18 名のうちDQ70 以上の14 名（ASD 群） を抽出した。VLBW 児で，3 歳時に新K 式2001 を施行した172 名中，ASD 群と全領域DQ をマッチさせた28 名 （VLBW 群）で検査項目の通過率を比較・検討した。
結果：VLBW 群はASD 群に比べて「家の模倣」，「四角構成 例後」，「形の弁別Ⅱ 10/10」，「絵の名称Ⅱ 5/6」，「色 の名称 3/4」，「13 の丸10 まで」，「4 つの積木」，「左右弁別 全逆」の通過率が有意に低く（p＜0.05），「表情理解Ⅰ」， 「表情理解Ⅱ」の通過率が高かった（p＜0.1）。
結論：VLBW 児はASD 児に比べて空間認知・構成力・知識・数の力が弱く，他者の感情を推測する力が強い傾向 にあった。
Methods：A developmental quotient（ DQ） -matched case-control study was conducted with approval of the Ethics Committee of Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine （Approval number 1438）. Out of the 18 children with ASD who had received the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 test （KSPD） at 3 years of age, 14 ASD children with DQ ≥70 were enrolled. Among 172 VLBW children who were born in our hospital and had received the KSPD at the age of 3, 28 VLBW children matched with the DQ scores of the ASD group were enrolled. The passage rates of the test items in KSPD were compared between ASD and VLBW groups.
Results：VLBW group had significantly lower passing rates than ASD group in some test items, such as “imitation of the house”, “square configuration”, “discrimination of the shape Ⅱ 10/10”, “name of the picture Ⅱ 5/6”, “name of the color 3/4”, “the number of 13, up to 10”, “four blocks”, and “right and left discrimination, all reverse”（p＜0.05）. Conversely, in VLBW group, the passing rates of the 2 test items, “facial expression understanding Ⅰ” and “facial expression understanding Ⅱ” was higher than ASD group（ p＜0.1）.
Conclusion：In VLBW children, the ability of spatial cognition, organizational capacity and knowledge, and number handling are weak, and the ability to infer the feelings of others may be strong in comparison with ASD children.
