日本新生児成育医学会雑誌　第35巻　第1号　104 ～ 112頁（2023年）

日本新生児成育医学会雑誌　35(1)：104-112；2023　

受付日：2022．09．05

受理日：2022．10．27

新生児治療室におけるロタウイルスワクチン接種の現状：全国調査

Current Situation of Rotavirus Vaccine Immunization in Neonatal Care Units as of October 2021：a Nationwide Survey

日本新生児成育医学会　感染対策予防接種委員会

Committee on Infection Control and Immunization, Japan Society for Neonatal Health and Development

小林正樹・大城　誠・岩谷壮太・岡崎　薫・木下大介・高橋尚人・田中太平・戸石悟司・徳永康行・野崎昌俊・久田　研・森岡一朗

Masaki KOBAYASHI，Makoto OSHIRO，Sota IWATANI，Kaoru OKAZAKI，Daisuke KINOSHITA, Naoto TAKAHASHI，Taihei TANAKA，Satoshi TOISHI，Yasuyuki TOKUNAGA，Masatoshi NOZAKI，Ken HISADA，Ichiro MORIOKA

Key Words：gastrointestinal diseases，infection control measures，nationwide survey，rotavirus vaccine，universal vaccination

ロタウイルスワクチン接種が2020 年10 月に定期接種となった。初回推奨接種時期が生後14 週6 日までであり，入院中に接種しなければ，定期接種としての接種機会を失う懸念がある。そこで今回，2021 年10 月時点における新生児治療室内での対応について調査した。全国168 施設中，定期接種開始前後で入院中にロタウイルスワクチン接種を行う施設が7.7％から42.8％に有意に増加し，新生児治療室内での接種を行わない施設が78.0％から38.0％に有意に減少していた（p＜0.01）。有害事象は5 施設（4.0％）であった。ワクチン接種後の感染対策を強化する施設が65 施設（52.0％）で，汚物処理の個別化が最も多かった。消化管疾患既往の児へのロタウイルスワクチン接種は施設間で相違がある現状が明らかとなった。

Rotavirus vaccine was added to the universal vaccination schedule in Japan from October 2020. The recommended first immunization time is before 14 weeks and 6 days after birth. A concern is that if long-hospitalized newborn infants, such as extremely preterm infants and infants with any underlying diseases, are not vaccinated during their neonatal care unit stay, they will lose the opportunity to be vaccinated on the Japanese universal vaccination schedule. We conducted a nationwide survey on the current situation of rotavirus vaccine immunization in neonatal care units as of October 2021. Among 168 facilities, a significant increase was found in the percentage of units providing rotavirus vaccine immunization to the hospitalized infants during the neonatal care unit stay, from 7.7％ before to 42.8％ after the start of universal rotavirus vaccination, and a significant decrease, from 78.0％ to 38.0％, was observed in the percentage of the units not providing the vaccination （p＜0.01）. Adverse events associated with rotavirus vaccine were experienced in 5 facilities （4.0％）. Sixty-five facilities（ 52.0％） strengthened infection control measures for infants after rotavirus vaccination, with individualized waste disposal being the most common. The approach of rotavirus vaccination to infants before and after the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases varied among the facilities.